{"id":14565,"date":"2026-09-23T19:35:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T11:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/?p=14565"},"modified":"2026-09-23T19:35:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T11:35:56","slug":"buran-tajny-kosmicky-navrat-ktery-dejiny-nevysvetlily","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/buran-tajny-kosmicky-navrat-ktery-dejiny-nevysvetlily\/","title":{"rendered":"Buran tajny\u0301 kosmicky\u0301 na\u0301vrat ktery\u0301 de\u030cjiny nevysve\u030ctlily"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Buran tajn\u00fd kosmick\u00fd n\u00e1vrat kter\u00fd d\u011bjiny nevysv\u011btlily<\/h1>\n<nav class=\"toc\" aria-label=\"Obsah\">\n<h2>Obsah<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#prvni-a-posledni-let-co-z-nej-udelal-legendu\">Prvn\u00ed a posledn\u00ed let co z n\u011bj ud\u011blal legendu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zahadne-zmizeni-a-teorie-o-navratu\">Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zmizen\u00ed a teorie o n\u00e1vratu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#klicove-odlisnosti-od-americkeho-raketoplanu\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti od americk\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#srovnani-dvou-svetu-buran-vs-space-shuttle\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dvou sv\u011bt\u016f: Buran vs. Space Shuttle<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#caste-otazky-o-buranu\">\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Buranu<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<p>Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne raketopl\u00e1n, v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b z n\u00e1s se vybav\u00ed americk\u00fd Space Shuttle. M\u00e1lokdo u\u017e tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee na druh\u00e9m konci sv\u011bta vznikal projekt, kter\u00fd se mu v mnoh\u00e9m podobal, ale p\u0159itom byl v lec\u010dems jin\u00fd, mo\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e tajemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u0158e\u010d je o sov\u011btsk\u00e9m raketopl\u00e1nu Buran. Jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nen\u00ed jen o technice a z\u00e1vodech ve vesm\u00edru. Je to p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pln\u00fd utajen\u00ed, obrovsk\u00fdch investic, p\u00e1du imp\u00e9ria a nakonec i z\u00e1had, na kter\u00e9 historie dodnes nena\u0161la uspokojivou odpov\u011b\u010f. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva str\u00e1nek jako <a href=\"http:\/\/buran1.cz\">http:\/\/buran1.cz<\/a> m\u016f\u017ee otev\u0159\u00edt dve\u0159e do tohoto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho, le\u010d opom\u00edjen\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n<p>Projekt Buran se zrodil v 70. letech jako odpov\u011b\u010f na americk\u00fd program Space Shuttle. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed, veden\u00e9 obavami z vojensk\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed americk\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu, rozhodlo o v\u00fdvoji vlastn\u00edho stroje. Na rozd\u00edl od USA \u0161li sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i cestou \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a mo\u017en\u00e1 i odv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco americk\u00fd Shuttle startoval se sv\u00fdmi hlavn\u00edmi motory a pomocn\u00fdmi boostery, Buran byl vyn\u00e1\u0161en na orbit\u011b mohutnou raketou En\u011brgija. Samotn\u00fd raketopl\u00e1n nem\u011bl vlastn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed motory, byl \u010dist\u011b n\u00e1kladov\u00fdm kluz\u00e1kem. Tento konstruk\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mu d\u00e1val jedine\u010dnou flexibilitu a mo\u017enost n\u00e9st t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"prvni-a-posledni-let-co-z-nej-udelal-legendu\">Prvn\u00ed a posledn\u00ed let co z n\u011bj ud\u011blal legendu<\/h2>\n<p>Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm paradoxem cel\u00e9ho programu je, \u017ee Buran uskute\u010dnil pouze jedin\u00fd kosmick\u00fd let. A ten byl absolutn\u011b dokonal\u00fd. Dne 15. listopadu 1988 odstartovala z Bajkonuru raketa En\u011brgija s raketopl\u00e1nem Buran na z\u00e1dech. Bylo to poprv\u00e9 a naposledy, co sov\u011btsk\u00fd raketopl\u00e1n opustil zemskou atmosf\u00e9ru. Co na tomto letu bere dech, je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee byl pln\u011b <strong>automatick\u00fd<\/strong>. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de na palub\u011b bez z\u00e1sahu \u010dlov\u011bka provedly cel\u00fd letov\u00fd pl\u00e1n, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed na p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed dr\u00e1ze s p\u0159esnost\u00ed na centimetry. Kdy\u017e se Buran po dvou obletech Zem\u011b vracel, dosedl na dr\u00e1hu rychlost\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 letadla a zastavil p\u0159esn\u011b tam, kde m\u011bl. Byl to triumf sov\u011btsk\u00e9 techniky.<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d tedy Buran u\u017e nikdy nelet\u011bl? Odpov\u011b\u010f je smutn\u011b prozaick\u00e1. Rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a s n\u00edm spojen\u00fd kolaps financov\u00e1n\u00ed projektu znamenal konec. Z pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch p\u011bti stroj\u016f byly dokon\u010deny pouze dva. Jeden z nich, pojmenovan\u00fd Pt\u00e1\u010dek (Buran 1.02), byl t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ipraven k letu, ale u\u017e nikdy nedo\u010dkal sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. Druh\u00fd exempl\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil ke zkou\u0161k\u00e1m, pozd\u011bji ch\u00e1tral v hang\u00e1ru.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"zahadne-zmizeni-a-teorie-o-navratu\">Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 zmizen\u00ed a teorie o n\u00e1vratu<\/h2>\n<p>A pr\u00e1v\u011b tady p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ta nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kapitola p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Co se stalo s Buranem? Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verze \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v roce 2002 do\u0161lo ke z\u0159\u00edcen\u00ed st\u0159echy hang\u00e1ru na Bajkonuru, kter\u00fd byl v havarijn\u00edm stavu. Pod troskami zahynulo n\u011bkolik d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a byl zni\u010den i jeden z prototyp\u016f Buranu. Tento incident je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zdokumentov\u00e1n. Jen\u017ee existuj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti programu a zejm\u00e9na <em>druh\u00fd<\/em> t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 hotov\u00fd raketopl\u00e1n zmizely za podivn\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed touto katastrofou. Objevily se spekulace o tom, \u017ee Buran byl tajn\u011b p\u0159evezen do jin\u00e9ho kosmodromu, zakonzervov\u00e1n nebo dokonce rozebr\u00e1n na sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 putovaly do nezn\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n<p>Teorie o <strong>tajn\u00e9m kosmick\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu<\/strong> Buranu se op\u00edraj\u00ed o n\u011bkolik nepotvrzen\u00fdch sv\u011bdectv\u00ed a podivn\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed nad\u0161enci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v 90. letech, kdy byl projekt ofici\u00e1ln\u011b mrtv\u00fd, zachytili radary neidentifikovan\u00e9 objekty pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi parametry odpov\u00eddaly Buranu. Jin\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee technologie tepeln\u00e9 ochrany a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu vyvinut\u00e9 pro Buran n\u00e1hle zmizely z dosahu ve\u0159ejnosti a objevily se o n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji v projektech jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. D\u011bjiny tuto z\u00e1hadu nevysv\u011btlily a patrn\u011b ani nevysv\u011btl\u00ed. Buran z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 symbolem toho, co mohlo b\u00fdt, ale nebylo.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align:center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7ASPDBuG53A\" alt=\"Soviet space shuttle Energia \/ Buran first and only launch\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"klicove-odlisnosti-od-americkeho-raketoplanu\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti od americk\u00e9ho raketopl\u00e1nu<\/h2>\n<p>Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed pono\u0159it hloub\u011bji, je dobr\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, v \u010dem byl Buran unik\u00e1tn\u00ed. Zde jsou hlavn\u00ed body:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bezpilotn\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od americk\u00e9ho Shuttle, kter\u00fd v\u017edy p\u0159ist\u00e1val s pos\u00e1dkou, Buran prok\u00e1zal schopnost pln\u011b automatick\u00e9 navigace a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nosn\u00e1 raketa:<\/strong> Buran nebyl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed raketov\u00e9ho stupn\u011b, ale pouze n\u00e1kladem pro raketu En\u011brgija, co\u017e mu d\u00e1valo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed univerz\u00e1lnost.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u0159\u00eddla:<\/strong> M\u011bl specifick\u00fd tvar k\u0159\u00eddel a aerodynamiku, kter\u00e1 mu umo\u017e\u0148ovala v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed man\u00e9vrovatelnost p\u0159i p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 vy\u017eadovala p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m:<\/strong> Existuj\u00ed spekulace, \u017ee Buran byl vybaven pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edm syst\u00e9mem tepeln\u00e9 ochrany a mo\u017en\u00e1 i schopnost\u00ed n\u00e9st vojensk\u00fd n\u00e1klad, kter\u00fd nebyl nikdy pln\u011b odhalen.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"srovnani-dvou-svetu-buran-vs-space-shuttle\">Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dvou sv\u011bt\u016f: Buran vs. Space Shuttle<\/h2>\n<p>Abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili, pro\u010d byl Buran tak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd, pod\u00edvejme se na srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jeho americk\u00fdm rivalem:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Vlastnost<\/th>\n<th>Buran (SSSR)<\/th>\n<th>Space Shuttle (USA)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Zp\u016fsob startu<\/td>\n<td>Samostatn\u011b na raket\u011b En\u011brgija<\/td>\n<td>S vlastn\u00edmi motory a boostery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0158\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Pln\u011b automatick\u00e9 (bez pos\u00e1dky)<\/td>\n<td>Ru\u010dn\u00ed pilotem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Po\u010det let\u016f<\/td>\n<td>1 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd (1988)<\/td>\n<td>135 (1981\u20132011)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hlavn\u00ed motor<\/td>\n<td>Pouze man\u00e9vrovac\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd p\u0159i startu i p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transport n\u00e1kladu<\/td>\n<td>Velk\u00fd n\u00e1kladov\u00fd prostor, mo\u017en\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/td>\n<td>Standardn\u00ed civiln\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 mise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee Buran, p\u0159esto\u017ee let\u011bl jen jednou, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch technick\u00fdch parametrech sv\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho konkurenta p\u0159ed\u010dil. Jeho robustnost a odli\u0161n\u00fd koncept pohonu z n\u011bj d\u011blaj\u00ed technick\u00fd skvost, kter\u00fd dodnes obdivuj\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"caste-otazky-o-buranu\">\u010cast\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky o Buranu<\/h2>\n<p>Pokud v\u00e1s tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh zaujal, jist\u011b v\u00e1s napadaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky. Zde jsou ty nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Pro\u010d Buran let\u011bl pouze jednou, kdy\u017e byl technicky tak vysp\u011bl\u00fd?<br \/>\n  <strong>Odpov\u011b\u010f:<\/strong> Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem byl konec studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a rozpad Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, kter\u00fd vedl k zastaven\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho projektu. Politick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 priority se radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnily.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Je pravda, \u017ee Buran byl ukraden\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny z NASA?<br \/>\n  <strong>Odpov\u011b\u010f:<\/strong> Tato teorie je popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, ale nen\u00ed podlo\u017eena d\u016fkazy. Sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm informac\u00edm o Shuttlu, ale design Buranu se v mnoha z\u00e1sadn\u00edch detailech li\u0161\u00ed (nap\u0159. absence hlavn\u00edch motor\u016f, automatick\u00e9 p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed). \u0160lo sp\u00ed\u0161e o paraleln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj s odli\u0161n\u00fdmi c\u00edli.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Kde je dnes zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159 Buranu?<br \/>\n  <strong>Odpov\u011b\u010f:<\/strong> Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b je v\u011bt\u0161ina dochovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vystavena v muze\u00edch v Rusku, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Moskv\u011b nebo na Bajkonuru. Druh\u00fd letuschopn\u00fd stroj nebyl nikdy dokon\u010den a jeho osud je op\u0159eden legendami. \u010c\u00e1sti byly rozprod\u00e1ny nebo skon\u010dily v soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>Ot\u00e1zka:<\/strong> Mohl by se Buran n\u011bkdy vr\u00e1tit do kosmu?<br \/>\n  <strong>Odpov\u011b\u010f:<\/strong> \u0160ance jsou miziv\u00e9. Technologie je zastaral\u00e1, v\u00fdrobn\u00ed linky zanikly a chyb\u00ed dokumentace. Modern\u00ed projekty, jako je Starship od SpaceX, stav\u00ed na zcela jin\u00fdch principech. Buran z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 artefaktem jedn\u00e9 \u00e9ry.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Buran nen\u00ed jen raketopl\u00e1n. Je to symbol lidsk\u00e9 touhy po dokonalosti, kter\u00e1 byla zmrazena d\u011bjinn\u00fdmi okolnostmi. Jeho jedin\u00fd let byl tak dokonal\u00fd, \u017ee se stal legendou. A jeho zmizen\u00ed? To u\u017e je tajemstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e1 nikdy nerozlu\u0161t\u00edme. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo se o vesm\u00edr zaj\u00edm\u00e1, by m\u011bl zn\u00e1t jeho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u2013 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o tom, jak velk\u00e9 sny mohou b\u00fdt zastaveny, ale jejich ozv\u011bna z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nav\u017edy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auto-generated post_excerpt<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14565"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14565"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14565\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14566,"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14565\/revisions\/14566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/jubinns.com.my\/web\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}